Some vehicle have a fuseable link that blows if the starter motor draws too much current. Of those that do employ this method of current protection, the fuse may cut current completely, but others just use it on the main starter cable leaving power to other functions.
There will be a fuse protecting the solenoid, and there may even be a relay in that same circuit.
As has been stated - check that there is current from the battery at the main starter terminal and then check if there is current to the solenoid when turn the key to start.
As a temporary check you can run a test cable from the battery + a touch the solenoid terminal with the other end. If it kicks the starter motor into life, then the problem isn't the starter motor.