You don't back flush it with salt, you just use plain water for that (make sure you connect the system up backwards: outside tap to outlet of softener, then open ended hose from inlet of softener to drain or garden).
Give it about 10-15 minutes with a slow/moderate flow of water.
After that, reverse the hoses so it's flowing the correct way through the softener. Connect your salt pot in line (make sure it's around half full of salt blocks) and run through very slowly so it's just a trickle, for at least 15 minutes.
If you get a hardness testing kit you can check how well it's working. If you're not getting the hardness reduced right down, try lengthening the time you run the salt through for. Test it straight after recharging and also after a tank full or so has been drawn through it. If it is good to start with but then quickly becomes ineffective you need to back-flush more I'd guess, as you're not cleaning off the resin in the softener cartridge well enough.