G'day Covenant
What Roger said above.
I've come across quite a few upholstery fabrics that are pH sensitive and also in the past a few carpets, especially if they contained viscose. Brintons used to manufacture a range of axminsters that were 40% wool, 40% viscose and 20% nylon. But other fibres/dyes could be pH sensitive too.
Another possibility is light damage. What was the fibre? Was it by a North facing window? What about animal stains in the area? You say you tested the backing for dye stability, which suggests a woven carpet, but what about the face pile? Have any other colours been sun damaged? eg some colours may have abraded more so the pile of some colours may be shorter in the damaged area. Previous cleaning treatments could be dormant problems which wouldn't show if testing dyes on the reverse side.
Are you a member of a trade association or the Advantage Group? Franco, Ash and Kim plus others there are all fonts of knowledge in your part of the world.
Good luck with your problem. You will need more information before proceeding and even then it may be permanent damage.
Safe and happy cleaning

Ken