A few years ago geting 1st place on google was quite easy, a website owner just needed to submit their site on the various search engines they wanted it to appear on. The search engine would then send a spider to crawl the website and would store its cache so it would be checked and ranked, this was done on meta tags. If you had good keyword content and more than your rival, your site would appear higher than them.
Search engines had to combat this flaw... so started checking more points in their algorithms to ensure websites were truly relevant

meta tags, domain names, header tags, bold text, keyword weight & prominence, alt tags, file names, link anchor txt... Wynne has made a very valid point in his last post, I am no seo expert but... dont optimize for your domain name

Seo is not dead and never will be