Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the interfacial tension between two liquids.A surfactant is briefly defined as a material that can greatly reduce the surface tension of water when used in very low concentrations
In laymans terms:The active ingredients in colloids are small chemical chains called Mycelles. One end hates water and the other, stronger loves water. The end that hates water attaches itself to dirt and grease hoping to escape from the water, however the water loving side is stronger and eventually (dwell time) pulls the dirt into the water where it is held in suspension. This is happening on a minute scale thousands of times on each fibre. This is why the water is a vital part of the reaction and I believe the reason for sometimes poor results on Poly Prop. Being a filament the solution does not cling to it as it does Wool and therefore the product is not in contact with the dirt for long enough to work.Even though the dilution rates are very high for the products available the resulting mixture is still very potent and still very viscous.
Not knocking colloidal route standing on the sideline, don’t get many wools or 80/20 mix carpets now a days.Len