Ian
Most chemical manufacturers will recommend/advise to use an acidic rinse (eg. Prochem Fibre and Fibre Rinse) through your extraction machine instead of an extraction detergent as appropriate. If you do this, there would be no need to apply a post cleaning acidic spray to neutralise any alkaline residues, or to stabilise dyes, or as a preventative treatment against browning. In cases of extreme soiling, if it were necessary to use an aggresive, high pH rinse detergent, you would then apply a post clean misting of Fibre and Fabric Rinse.
As Mike has pointed out, residues are not necessarily harmful to carpets. A correctly cleaned carpet will have cleaning solution residues which should not cause any problems. Much of it will crystalise upon drying and may be removed with dry vacuuming. An acidic rinse will leave residues, but these are generally not considered to be harmful. However, again as Mike points out with specialist spotters as a classic example, incorrectly used or inappropriate solutions can leave problem creating residues. Even tap water leaves residues.
Safe and happy cleaning:)
Ken